In Summer 2021, faculty and students identified and quantified three significant impacts of structural racism on the health of American communities during the pandemic. Economics and Business Professor Daniel Johnson worked with Claire Altieri ’21 and Siena Blelloch ’22 to collect and analyze nationwide data on Corona-virus infection and mortality rates across time by state. The prior summer differential outcomes by race caused over 873,000 infections (30% of the national total), a loss of at least $1.72 billion in GDP, and 39,303 Black, Indigenous, and people of color lives lost nationwide, the study concluded. “A Deadly Triple Threat: Three Layers of U.S. Racial Inequity in COVID Infections and Deaths” was published in the journal Applied Economics Letters in Fall 2021.